Patterns of replication in the neo-sex chromosomes of Drosophila nasuta albomicans

Drosophila nasuta albomicans (with 2n=6), contains a pair of metacentric neo-sex chromosomes. Phylogenetically these are products of centric fusion between ancestral sex (X, Y) chromosomes and an autosome (chromosome 3). The polytene chromosome complement of males with a neo-X- and neo-Y-chromosomes has revealed asynchrony in replication between the two arms of the neo-sex chromosomes. The arm which represents the ancestral X-chromosome is faster replicating than the arm which represents ancestral autosome. The latter arm of the neo-sex chromosome is synchronous with other autosomes of the complement. We conclude that one arm of the neo-X/Y is still mimicking the features of an autosome while the other arm has the features of a classical X/Y-chromosome. This X-autosome translocation differs from the other evolutionary X-autosome translocations known in certain species of Drosophila

Application of Case Studies to Practice in Foundation Engineering in India

India has massive developments, urbanization, housing, communication in last decade. The optimization of cost and saving construction time to complete, are now new aspects which geotechnical engineers are facing. Till today the typical design of shallow foundations of structure-buildings, fly over and dams on non-plastic silty fine sand subsoils found in alluvial deposits of state like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Bengal and long coastal belt, were designed by age old practice based on soil mechanics of 1948. Such proven practice became BIS codes for design and construction of structural foundations in 1976-81. The common sense and observational approach of Terzaghi (1959) did not confirm such interpretation of Standard Penetration (SP) test. SP test on non – plastic silty sand at 2 to 3 m below ground surface, being loose (Rd \u3c 15%), had permissible bearing capacity for 25 mm settlement (qa25) less than 100 kPa. This required almost double concrete in footings. Vast country with fast growth had more than million structures built/year, saving of RCC would be around 900 million cubic meter/year. The time reduced will be added advantage. Even up to 10m depth, at number of sites N recorded as 5 to 10 blows/30cm, was considered as “loose” to “medium” by the code indicating prima-facie high liquefaction potential under low seismic activity. This phobia did not spare proposed, under construction over years and existing structures from a long process of reinvestigations, consultants opinions and cost. High rise housing at Chennai, Delhi, Surat, monumental structures at Delhi, Agra, Ahmedabad, Kollkata, Panipat, Rajasthan suffered setback and perpetual suspense due to lack of proper interpretation. Some dams under construction like Ukai, Tenughat, barrages in West Bengal, Delhi, unique projects like Akshardham (Delhi) had to be stopped or delayed by suspected liquefaction. Long chain of opinions and additional tests like evaluation of Rd by alternative methods, rechecking of SPT values, blasting test as well as cross bore holes shear wave velocity tests had to be planned to remove notional interpretation. Study proposes to eliminate such decays & cost escalation by providing alternatives. Typical case studies, showing methodology are also illustrated. Authors with professionals (30 numbers) in geotechnical engineering practicing in India formed a TC-16 technical group (Year 2000-2005) to prepare a report on ground characterization by in-situ testing. The final recommendations for interpretation of SP test (N) and DCP test (NC) for non-plastic alluvial deposit, investigated as per IS code are presented in the form of a chart. It gives for observed N or NC at P0’ (effective overburden pressure) the relative density (Rd), ∅’ (angle of shear resistance), E (deformation modulus) and permissible bearing capacity for 40 mm permissible settlement. The chart also indicate likely liquefaction potential at depth for a = 0.1g for preliminary analysis. Typical case studies have been illustrated. The authors advocated bore holes to be supplemented by uncased DCPT adequate in number, to provide recommendation for an area (not point). If results are not satisfying commonsense, check by in-situ tests for Rd, plate load, even prototype test shall be used before resorting to rejection of site or adopting ground improvement. Any recommendation, for probable liquefaction for existing or under construction project, must be checked by proper reinvestigations and interpretation

De novo genome assembly and annotation of rice sheath rot fungus Sarocladium oryzae reveals genes involved in Helvolic acid and Cerulenin biosynthesis pathways

Morphology of Saro-13 isolate used for whole genome sequencing. (PDF 13621 kb

The Network Slicing and Performance Analysis of 6G Networks using Machine Learning

6G technology is designed to provide users with faster and more reliable data  transfer as compared to the current 5G technology. 6G is rapidly evolving and provides a large bandwidth, even in underserved areas. This technology is extremely anticipated and is currently booming for its ability to deliver massive network capacity, low latency, and a highly improved user experience. Its scope is immense, and it’s designed to connect everyone and everything in the world. It includes new deployment models and services with extended user capacity. This study proposes a network slicing simulator that uses hardcoded base station coordinates to randomly distribute client locations to help analyse the performance of a particular base station architecture. When a client wants to locate the closest base station, it queries the simulator, which stores base station coordinates in a K-Dimensional tree. Throughout the simulation, the user follows a pattern that continues until the time limit is achieved. It gauges multiple statistics such as client connection ratio, client count per second, Client count per slice, latency, and the new location of the client. The K-D tree handover algorithm proposed here allows the user to connect to the nearest base stations after fulfilling the required criteria. This algorithm ensures the quality requirements and decides among the base stations the user connects to

Traffic Signboard Recognition and Text Translation System using Word Spotting and Machine Learning

This project will help the non-native people of Karnataka to easily understand the kannada boards and travel easily. The main task of this work is to recognize the kannada traffic text boards and translate that to English language. Histogram equalization is used to find the gap between the characters. K-means clustering is used to divide the characters into different clusters then the segmented characters are passed to the pretrained model to recognize what the characters means. The model used for recognizing the traffic text is convolutional neural networks. The methodologies used here is the image augmentation, converting RGB image to grey scale and normalizing the image to reduce the noise. The validation accuracy obtained while training the model with coloured images, normalized image, grey scale image and normalized grey scale image is respectively 98.88%, 98.85%, 98.8% and 99.39% and while testing this model with kannada language, the testing accuracy obtained respectively with coloured images, normalized image, grey scale and normalized grey scale image is 95.91%, 96.58%, 95.42% and 96.98 % . In this work, word spotting method is employed for kannada language recognition. The performance of this system is faster since machine learning algorithms are used here

Karakterizacija gena ICP4 patogenoga virusa Marekove bolesti dokazanoga u peradi u Gujaratu u Indiji lančanom reakcijom polimerazom i sekvenciranjem

A total of 34 clinical samples were collected for detection of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) by polymerase chain reaction assays using primers M1.1/M1.8 to amplify a region of the ICP4 gene in layer birds of poultry. Primer set M1.1/M1.8 amplified a 318 bp product as against the expected 247 bp product in 30 samples out of 34 samples tested. To confirm the result, this primer was subjected to NCBI BLAST, and it was found that the primer specific segment of 318 bp does exist in the published sequence of Md5 and Md11BAC. The PCR product was sequenced and resulted in 273bp by direct sequencing. The sequence was analysed using NCBI blast and Clustal W with the published sequence of Gallid herpes virus-2 giving a matching score of 97, 96 and 90% indicating a highly conserved region. This shows that the MDV is prevalent in Gujarat.Prikupljena su 34 uzorka kliničkoga materijala nesilica za dokaz virusa Marekove bolesti lančanom reakcijom polimerazom uporabom početnica M1.1/M1.8 za umnažanje područja gena ICP4. Uporabom seta početnica M1.1/M1.8 umnožen je proizvod od 318 bp u odnosu na očekivani od 247 bp u 30 od 34 pretražena uzorka. Za potvrdu rezultata početnica je bila analizirana pomoću programa NCBI BLAST, te je ustanovljeno da početnica za specifičan odsječak od 318 bp postoji u objavljenoj sekvenci Md5 i Md11BAC. Proizvod PCR-a bio je izravno sekvenciran te je ustanovljeno da sadrži 273 bp. Slijed je bio analiziran uporabom programa NCBI BLAST i Clustal W i uspoređen s objavljenim slijedom za kokošji herpesvirus 2 te je ustanovljena podudarnost od 97, 96 i 90% što upućuje na genski jako očuvano područje. To pokazuje da je virus Marekove bolesti proširen u Gujaratu

HPLC Method for Determination of p-coumaric acid from the Medicinal Herb Leptadinia reticulata

The aim of present study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and rapid HPLC method for the quantification of p-coumaric acid in Leptadinia reticulata extractst. The analysis was performed by reverse-phase chromatography on an phenomenex C18 columns with isocratic elution of Methanol and 0.8%-Formic acid in water (6:4) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, a column temperature of 35°C, photodiode array detector detection at 326 nm. The method validated in terms of linearity accuracy precision LOD, LOQ and stability. The herb Leptidinia reticulata contains 0.17% p-coumaric acid. The linear range of method was 0.25-50µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9993, the recovery was 98-99.4% and the relative standard deviation is 0.98 % (n=6). The developed method was found to be a relatively simple, precise and reproducible for the quantification of p-coumaric acid. The method does not employ any derivatization procedure and can be used as a quality control tool for the routine analysis of    p-coumaric acid from an herb Leptadinia reticulata

Adaptive regulation of riboflavin transport in heart: effect of dietary riboflavin deficiency in cardiovascular pathogenesis

Deficiency or defective transport of riboflavin (RF) is known to cause neurological disorders, cataract, cardiovascular anomalies, and various cancers by altering the biochemical pathways. Mechanisms and regulation of RF uptake process is well characterized in the cells of intestine, liver, kidney, and brain origin, while very little is known in the heart. Hence, we aimed to understand the expression and regulation of RF transporters (rRFVT-1 and rRFVT-2) in cardiomyocytes during RF deficiency and also investigated the role of RF in ischemic cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Riboflavin uptake assay revealed that RF transport in H9C2 is (1) significantly higher at pH 7.5, (2) independent of Na+ and (3) saturable with a Km of 3.746 µM. For in vivo studies, male Wistar rats (110–130 g) were provided riboflavin deficient food containing 0.3 ± 0.05 mg/kg riboflavin for 7 weeks, which resulted in over expression of both RFVTs in mRNA and protein level. RF deprivation resulted in the accumulation of cardiac biomarkers, histopathological abnormalities, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential which evidenced the key role of RF in the development of cardiovascular pathogenesis. Besides, adaptive regulation of RF transporters upon RF deficiency signifies that RFVTs can be considered as an effective delivery system for drugs against cardiac diseases

Demarcation of Ground Water Potential Zones using Remote Sensing and GIS Applications

Now-a-days, due to the high demand of water for the human needs, groundwater sources are drastically extracted and causing to least the source. The entire Yearly furnish is contributing from the utmost resource called Groundwater. Globally, groundwater is extracting primarily for the purpose of agricultural fields, domestic and for industrial water supply. Majority of the surface water is in the form of saline water which is not useful for the needs of human beings for their daily needs. Very less amount of fresh surface water is existing on the ground surface. To compensate the needs, it is essential to identify, extract and manage the groundwater which is available at different levels at different areas of the globe. Proper planning is required for the extraction of groundwater using updated technologies for using and maintaining of natural resources like water resources. The prime strive of the selected project area is to map out potential groundwater regions in the Pendlimarri Mandal of Kadapa District by using Geospatial Technology. The main impartial target of the work is to select appropriate methods and assessment criteria of the technology to identify the potential underground demarcations in geographic information system environment with help of ArcGIS software. To demarcate zones of groundwater potential, various key parameters called geology, lineament density, LU / LC, geomorphology, groundwater depths, slope and drainage pattern were prepared by utilizing remote sensing data and secondary data which can collect from concern departments. The thematic layers are to be finally integrated by using weighted overlay analysis of spatial analyst tools of data management tools of ArcMap software to delineate underground water prospects regions output layout of the project. Disparate groundwater prospects levels were categorized, from the range excellent to poor including very good, good and moderate in between. At last, decided that that the applications of geoinformatics are essential and effectively applied for the demarcation of potential zones of groundwater